upgraded react-intl to 3.3

index-dev.html

@@ -27,13 +27,12 @@
     <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/icon?family=Material+Icons" />
     <!-- Styles for local elements -->
     <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/base.css" />
-    <!-- ReactJs scripts -->
+    <!-- ReactJS -->
     <script crossorigin="anonymous" src="https://unpkg.com/react@16/umd/react.development.js"></script>
     <script crossorigin="anonymous" src="https://unpkg.com/react-dom@16/umd/react-dom.development.js"></script>
-    <!-- React-Intl -->
+    <!-- React-Intl for translations -->
-    <script crossorigin="anonymous" src="https://unpkg.com/prop-types@15/prop-types.js"></script>
+    <script crossorigin="anonymous" src="https://unpkg.com/react-intl@3/dist/react-intl.js"></script>
-    <script crossorigin="anonymous" src="https://unpkg.com/react-intl@2/dist/react-intl.js"></script>
+    <!-- Firebase for push notifications -->
-    <!-- Firebase scripts -->
     <script crossorigin="anonymous" src="https://unpkg.com/firebase@6.4.2/firebase-app.js"></script>
     <script crossorigin="anonymous" src="https://unpkg.com/firebase@6.4.2/firebase-messaging.js"></script>
   </head>

index.html

@@ -22,8 +22,7 @@
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/base.min.css" />
 <script crossorigin="anonymous" src="https://unpkg.com/react@16.9.0/umd/react.production.min.js"></script>
 <script crossorigin="anonymous" src="https://unpkg.com/react-dom@16.9.0/umd/react-dom.production.min.js"></script>
-<script crossorigin="anonymous" src="https://unpkg.com/prop-types@15.7.2/prop-types.min.js"></script>
+<script crossorigin="anonymous" src="https://unpkg.com/react-intl@3.3.0/dist/react-intl.min.js"></script>
-<script crossorigin="anonymous" src="https://unpkg.com/react-intl@2.9.0/dist/react-intl.min.js"></script>
 <script crossorigin="anonymous" src="https://unpkg.com/firebase@6.4.2/firebase-app.js"></script>
 <script crossorigin="anonymous" src="https://unpkg.com/firebase@6.4.2/firebase-messaging.js"></script>
 </head>

package-lock.json

@@ -1376,6 +1376,27 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@firebase/webchannel-wrapper/-/webchannel-wrapper-0.2.26.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-VlTurkvs4v7EVFWESBZGOPghFEokQhU5au5CP9WqA8B2/PcQRDsaaQlQCA6VATuEnW+vtSiSBvTiOc4004f8xg=="
     },
+    "@formatjs/intl-relativetimeformat": {
+      "version": "4.1.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@formatjs/intl-relativetimeformat/-/intl-relativetimeformat-4.1.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-kqCcLST2teB8ghcGTmFqdf/hD3CnfYSr0j72eD1ukQJAwr8ukc2RfgRj0WGFcSnL5fa0YmlbohstPuKY1jymrw==",
+      "requires": {
+        "@formatjs/intl-utils": "^1.2.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "@formatjs/intl-unified-numberformat": {
+      "version": "0.5.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@formatjs/intl-unified-numberformat/-/intl-unified-numberformat-0.5.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-b/Oh/e1wIrGhS8mZaEphqzzXvadir9zegqNsRo3QKQwYuiBRHLupk0st1NTyUwVTy9lI58HpL0U/RJxqki8diQ==",
+      "requires": {
+        "@formatjs/intl-utils": "^1.1.1"
+      }
+    },
+    "@formatjs/intl-utils": {
+      "version": "1.2.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@formatjs/intl-utils/-/intl-utils-1.2.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-YHvfHRaiKfUxqnNhU9xOweK+iKA4R6uNRdvJeYeY9vENeKOYSAULtrxhLo86wUZHkR2KNqn4Y1xVDzihN3Y28w=="
+    },
     "@grpc/proto-loader": {
       "version": "0.5.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@grpc/proto-loader/-/proto-loader-0.5.2.tgz",
@@ -1502,6 +1523,20 @@
         "@types/node": "*"
       }
     },
+    "@types/hoist-non-react-statics": {
+      "version": "3.3.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/hoist-non-react-statics/-/hoist-non-react-statics-3.3.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-iMIqiko6ooLrTh1joXodJK5X9xeEALT1kM5G3ZLhD3hszxBdIEd5C75U834D9mLcINgD4OyZf5uQXjkuYydWvA==",
+      "requires": {
+        "@types/react": "*",
+        "hoist-non-react-statics": "^3.3.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "@types/invariant": {
+      "version": "2.2.30",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/invariant/-/invariant-2.2.30.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-98fB+yo7imSD2F7PF7GIpELNgtLNgo5wjivu0W5V4jx+KVVJxo6p/qN4zdzSTBWy4/sN3pPyXwnhRSD28QX+ag=="
+    },
     "@types/long": {
       "version": "4.0.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/long/-/long-4.0.0.tgz",
@@ -1512,12 +1547,26 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/node/-/node-10.14.18.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-ryO3Q3++yZC/+b8j8BdKd/dn9JlzlHBPdm80656xwYUdmPkpTGTjkAdt6BByiNupGPE8w0FhBgvYy/fX9hRNGQ=="
     },
+    "@types/prop-types": {
+      "version": "15.7.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/prop-types/-/prop-types-15.7.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-f8JzJNWVhKtc9dg/dyDNfliTKNOJSLa7Oht/ElZdF/UbMUmAH3rLmAk3ODNjw0mZajDEgatA03tRjB4+Dp/tzA=="
+    },
     "@types/q": {
       "version": "1.5.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/q/-/q-1.5.2.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-ce5d3q03Ex0sy4R14722Rmt6MT07Ua+k4FwDfdcToYJcMKNtRVQvJ6JCAPdAmAnbRb6CsX6aYb9m96NGod9uTw==",
       "dev": true
     },
+    "@types/react": {
+      "version": "16.9.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/react/-/react-16.9.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-jYP2LWwlh+FTqGd9v7ynUKZzjj98T8x7Yclz479QdRhHfuW9yQ+0jjnD31eXSXutmBpppj5PYNLYLRfnZJvcfg==",
+      "requires": {
+        "@types/prop-types": "*",
+        "csstype": "^2.2.0"
+      }
+    },
     "@webassemblyjs/ast": {
       "version": "1.8.5",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@webassemblyjs/ast/-/ast-1.8.5.tgz",
@@ -2788,6 +2837,11 @@
         }
       }
     },
+    "csstype": {
+      "version": "2.6.6",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/csstype/-/csstype-2.6.6.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-RpFbQGUE74iyPgvr46U9t1xoQBM8T4BL8SxrN66Le2xYAPSaDJJKeztV3awugusb3g3G9iL8StmkBBXhcbbXhg=="
+    },
     "cyclist": {
       "version": "0.2.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/cyclist/-/cyclist-0.2.2.tgz",
@@ -4834,38 +4888,28 @@
       "dev": true
     },
     "intl-format-cache": {
-      "version": "2.2.9",
+      "version": "4.2.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/intl-format-cache/-/intl-format-cache-2.2.9.tgz",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/intl-format-cache/-/intl-format-cache-4.2.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-Zv/u8wRpekckv0cLkwpVdABYST4hZNTDaX7reFetrYTJwxExR2VyTqQm+l0WmL0Qo8Mjb9Tf33qnfj0T7pjxdQ=="
+      "integrity": "sha512-OePs43hKTwb7deaPGa6jF8EOIlMdfqrv7t5A9JIFgdFBGjaucuXlh5KXywGvVWjDTzBAU7/XMjkuOgutSOem6Q=="
+    },
+    "intl-locales-supported": {
+      "version": "1.5.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/intl-locales-supported/-/intl-locales-supported-1.5.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-VYLdcF3Z4b8UZ7tj3hxz9auSjIxpm18NLoUlgvt4I78vrskxstKqfKQlsuFpGE+n2RNkqrwlYo3D9QcYSjx4NA=="
     },
     "intl-messageformat": {
-      "version": "2.2.0",
+      "version": "7.3.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/intl-messageformat/-/intl-messageformat-2.2.0.tgz",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/intl-messageformat/-/intl-messageformat-7.3.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha1-NFvNRt5jC3aDMwwuUhd/9eq0hPw=",
+      "integrity": "sha512-0oZmhfX6avRhGm4HKvaYIjLMdF8/ziqSX3yS6f/vKVPMAWu1MStoXX8HmA9qdRWVlOwtstFgLu7gXnElFDdV9w==",
       "requires": {
-        "intl-messageformat-parser": "1.4.0"
+        "intl-format-cache": "^4.2.0",
-      },
+        "intl-messageformat-parser": "^3.2.0"
-      "dependencies": {
-        "intl-messageformat-parser": {
-          "version": "1.4.0",
-          "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/intl-messageformat-parser/-/intl-messageformat-parser-1.4.0.tgz",
-          "integrity": "sha1-tD1FqXRoytvkQzHXS7Ho3qRPwHU="
-        }
       }
     },
     "intl-messageformat-parser": {
       "version": "3.2.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/intl-messageformat-parser/-/intl-messageformat-parser-3.2.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-07G+OTgIEsYIPpy793/EU14Slz03nqouODE+CGXlojw1gOF1IaUXk99EOlVdKsPwl95hUJon4dsp9D7/XPBDCw==",
+      "integrity": "sha512-07G+OTgIEsYIPpy793/EU14Slz03nqouODE+CGXlojw1gOF1IaUXk99EOlVdKsPwl95hUJon4dsp9D7/XPBDCw=="
-      "dev": true
-    },
-    "intl-relativeformat": {
-      "version": "2.2.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/intl-relativeformat/-/intl-relativeformat-2.2.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-4bV/7kSKaPEmu6ArxXf9xjv1ny74Zkwuey8Pm01NH4zggPP7JHwg2STk8Y3JdspCKRDriwIyLRfEXnj2ZLr4Bw==",
-      "requires": {
-        "intl-messageformat": "^2.0.0"
-      }
     },
     "invariant": {
       "version": "2.2.4",
@@ -6499,15 +6543,21 @@
       }
     },
     "react-intl": {
-      "version": "2.9.0",
+      "version": "3.3.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/react-intl/-/react-intl-2.9.0.tgz",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/react-intl/-/react-intl-3.3.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-27jnDlb/d2A7mSJwrbOBnUgD+rPep+abmoJE511Tf8BnoONIAUehy/U1zZCHGO17mnOwMWxqN4qC0nW11cD6rA==",
+      "integrity": "sha512-UJVlU57SBaKtut/jdMQ72bFXhnsCs9n4PtnHSPUCHTbce/Ekir5MYnaGFy0kJzCbc7MI2KqpAoTu4uTAfjzkLA==",
       "requires": {
+        "@formatjs/intl-relativetimeformat": "^4.0.1",
+        "@formatjs/intl-unified-numberformat": "^0.5.2",
+        "@types/hoist-non-react-statics": "^3.3.1",
+        "@types/invariant": "^2.2.30",
         "hoist-non-react-statics": "^3.3.0",
-        "intl-format-cache": "^2.0.5",
+        "intl-format-cache": "^4.1.22",
-        "intl-messageformat": "^2.1.0",
+        "intl-locales-supported": "^1.4.8",
-        "intl-relativeformat": "^2.1.0",
+        "intl-messageformat": "^7.2.4",
-        "invariant": "^2.1.1"
+        "intl-messageformat-parser": "^3.1.1",
+        "invariant": "^2.1.1",
+        "shallow-equal": "^1.1.0"
       }
     },
     "react-is": {
@@ -6849,6 +6899,11 @@
         "safe-buffer": "^5.0.1"
       }
     },
+    "shallow-equal": {
+      "version": "1.2.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/shallow-equal/-/shallow-equal-1.2.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Z21pVxR4cXsfwpMKMhCEIO1PCi5sp7KEp+CmOpBQ+E8GpHwKOw2sEzk7sgblM3d/j4z4gakoWEoPcjK0VJQogA=="
+    },
     "shebang-command": {
       "version": "1.2.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/shebang-command/-/shebang-command-1.2.0.tgz",

package.json

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
     "firebase": "^6.4.2",
     "react": "^16.9.0",
     "react-dom": "^16.9.0",
-    "react-intl": "^2.9.0",
+    "react-intl": "^3.2.1",
     "tinode-sdk": "^0.16.1"
   },
   "devDependencies": {

src/index.js

@@ -4,19 +4,7 @@
 import React from 'react';
 import ReactDOM from 'react-dom';
 
-import { IntlProvider, addLocaleData } from 'react-intl';
+import { IntlProvider } from 'react-intl';
-const reactIntlLocaleData = {
-  zh: () => import(/* webpackChunkName: "locale_zh" */ 'react-intl/locale-data/zh'), // Chinese simplified.
-  ru: () => import(/* webpackChunkName: "locale_ru" */ 'react-intl/locale-data/ru'), // Russian.
-  en: () => import(/* webpackChunkName: "locale_en" */ 'react-intl/locale-data/en') // English, default.
-};
-
-// import enLocale from 'react-intl/locale-data/en';
-// Russian
-// import ruLocale from 'react-intl/locale-data/ru';
-// Chinese simplified.
-// import zhLocale from 'react-intl/locale-data/zh';
-// addLocaleData([...enLocale, ...ruLocale, ...zhLocale]);
 
 import allMessages from './messages.json';
 import TinodeWeb from './views/tinode-web.jsx';
@@ -31,21 +19,10 @@ const language = (params && params.hl) ||
   navigator.userLanguage ||
   'en';
 
-console.log("== Got language", language);
+// Get the base language 'en' from a more specific 'en_GB' or 'en-US' as a partial fallback.
-
-// Gets the base language 'en' from a more specific 'en_GB' or 'en-US' as a partial fallback.
 const baseLanguage = language.toLowerCase().split(/[-_]/)[0];
 
-// Dynamically load locale data for the selected language.
+// Try the full locale first, then the locale without the region code, fallback to 'en'.
-const localeDataLoader =
-  reactIntlLocaleData[language] ||
-  reactIntlLocaleData[baseLanguage] ||
-  reactIntlLocaleData['en'];
-localeDataLoader().then((data) => {
-  addLocaleData(data);
-});
-
-// Try full locale, try locale without region code, fallback to 'en'
 const messages =
   allMessages[language] ||
   allMessages[baseLanguage] ||

umd/index.dev.js

@@ -1,51 +1,7 @@
 /******/ (function(modules) { // webpackBootstrap
-/******/ 	// install a JSONP callback for chunk loading
-/******/ 	function webpackJsonpCallback(data) {
-/******/ 		var chunkIds = data[0];
-/******/ 		var moreModules = data[1];
-/******/
-/******/
-/******/ 		// add "moreModules" to the modules object,
-/******/ 		// then flag all "chunkIds" as loaded and fire callback
-/******/ 		var moduleId, chunkId, i = 0, resolves = [];
-/******/ 		for(;i < chunkIds.length; i++) {
-/******/ 			chunkId = chunkIds[i];
-/******/ 			if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(installedChunks, chunkId) && installedChunks[chunkId]) {
-/******/ 				resolves.push(installedChunks[chunkId][0]);
-/******/ 			}
-/******/ 			installedChunks[chunkId] = 0;
-/******/ 		}
-/******/ 		for(moduleId in moreModules) {
-/******/ 			if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(moreModules, moduleId)) {
-/******/ 				modules[moduleId] = moreModules[moduleId];
-/******/ 			}
-/******/ 		}
-/******/ 		if(parentJsonpFunction) parentJsonpFunction(data);
-/******/
-/******/ 		while(resolves.length) {
-/******/ 			resolves.shift()();
-/******/ 		}
-/******/
-/******/ 	};
-/******/
-/******/
 /******/ 	// The module cache
 /******/ 	var installedModules = {};
 /******/
-/******/ 	// object to store loaded and loading chunks
-/******/ 	// undefined = chunk not loaded, null = chunk preloaded/prefetched
-/******/ 	// Promise = chunk loading, 0 = chunk loaded
-/******/ 	var installedChunks = {
-/******/ 		"index": 0
-/******/ 	};
-/******/
-/******/
-/******/
-/******/ 	// script path function
-/******/ 	function jsonpScriptSrc(chunkId) {
-/******/ 		return __webpack_require__.p + "" + ({}[chunkId]||chunkId) + ".dev.js"
-/******/ 	}
-/******/
 /******/ 	// The require function
 /******/ 	function __webpack_require__(moduleId) {
 /******/
@@ -70,67 +26,6 @@
 /******/ 		return module.exports;
 /******/ 	}
 /******/
-/******/ 	// This file contains only the entry chunk.
-/******/ 	// The chunk loading function for additional chunks
-/******/ 	__webpack_require__.e = function requireEnsure(chunkId) {
-/******/ 		var promises = [];
-/******/
-/******/
-/******/ 		// JSONP chunk loading for javascript
-/******/
-/******/ 		var installedChunkData = installedChunks[chunkId];
-/******/ 		if(installedChunkData !== 0) { // 0 means "already installed".
-/******/
-/******/ 			// a Promise means "currently loading".
-/******/ 			if(installedChunkData) {
-/******/ 				promises.push(installedChunkData[2]);
-/******/ 			} else {
-/******/ 				// setup Promise in chunk cache
-/******/ 				var promise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
-/******/ 					installedChunkData = installedChunks[chunkId] = [resolve, reject];
-/******/ 				});
-/******/ 				promises.push(installedChunkData[2] = promise);
-/******/
-/******/ 				// start chunk loading
-/******/ 				var script = document.createElement('script');
-/******/ 				var onScriptComplete;
-/******/
-/******/ 				script.charset = 'utf-8';
-/******/ 				script.timeout = 120;
-/******/ 				if (__webpack_require__.nc) {
-/******/ 					script.setAttribute("nonce", __webpack_require__.nc);
-/******/ 				}
-/******/ 				script.src = jsonpScriptSrc(chunkId);
-/******/
-/******/ 				// create error before stack unwound to get useful stacktrace later
-/******/ 				var error = new Error();
-/******/ 				onScriptComplete = function (event) {
-/******/ 					// avoid mem leaks in IE.
-/******/ 					script.onerror = script.onload = null;
-/******/ 					clearTimeout(timeout);
-/******/ 					var chunk = installedChunks[chunkId];
-/******/ 					if(chunk !== 0) {
-/******/ 						if(chunk) {
-/******/ 							var errorType = event && (event.type === 'load' ? 'missing' : event.type);
-/******/ 							var realSrc = event && event.target && event.target.src;
-/******/ 							error.message = 'Loading chunk ' + chunkId + ' failed.\n(' + errorType + ': ' + realSrc + ')';
-/******/ 							error.name = 'ChunkLoadError';
-/******/ 							error.type = errorType;
-/******/ 							error.request = realSrc;
-/******/ 							chunk[1](error);
-/******/ 						}
-/******/ 						installedChunks[chunkId] = undefined;
-/******/ 					}
-/******/ 				};
-/******/ 				var timeout = setTimeout(function(){
-/******/ 					onScriptComplete({ type: 'timeout', target: script });
-/******/ 				}, 120000);
-/******/ 				script.onerror = script.onload = onScriptComplete;
-/******/ 				document.head.appendChild(script);
-/******/ 			}
-/******/ 		}
-/******/ 		return Promise.all(promises);
-/******/ 	};
 /******/
 /******/ 	// expose the modules object (__webpack_modules__)
 /******/ 	__webpack_require__.m = modules;
@@ -184,16 +79,6 @@
 /******/ 	// __webpack_public_path__
 /******/ 	__webpack_require__.p = "/umd/";
 /******/
-/******/ 	// on error function for async loading
-/******/ 	__webpack_require__.oe = function(err) { console.error(err); throw err; };
-/******/
-/******/ 	var jsonpArray = window["webpackJsonp"] = window["webpackJsonp"] || [];
-/******/ 	var oldJsonpFunction = jsonpArray.push.bind(jsonpArray);
-/******/ 	jsonpArray.push = webpackJsonpCallback;
-/******/ 	jsonpArray = jsonpArray.slice();
-/******/ 	for(var i = 0; i < jsonpArray.length; i++) webpackJsonpCallback(jsonpArray[i]);
-/******/ 	var parentJsonpFunction = oldJsonpFunction;
-/******/
 /******/
 /******/ 	// Load entry module and return exports
 /******/ 	return __webpack_require__(__webpack_require__.s = "./src/index.js");
@@ -2792,17 +2677,6 @@ var _messages_json__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_3___namespace = /*#__PURE__*/__webpa
 
 
 
-var reactIntlLocaleData = {
-  zh: function zh() {
-    return __webpack_require__.e(/*! import() */ 2).then(__webpack_require__.t.bind(null, /*! react-intl/locale-data/zh */ "./node_modules/react-intl/locale-data/zh.js", 7));
-  },
-  ru: function ru() {
-    return __webpack_require__.e(/*! import() */ 1).then(__webpack_require__.t.bind(null, /*! react-intl/locale-data/ru */ "./node_modules/react-intl/locale-data/ru.js", 7));
-  },
-  en: function en() {
-    return __webpack_require__.e(/*! import() */ 0).then(__webpack_require__.t.bind(null, /*! react-intl/locale-data/en */ "./node_modules/react-intl/locale-data/en.js", 7));
-  }
-};
 
 
 
@@ -2811,12 +2685,7 @@ var _HashNavigation$parse = _lib_navigation_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_5__["def
     params = _HashNavigation$parse.params;
 
 var language = params && params.hl || navigator.languages && navigator.languages[0] || navigator.language || navigator.userLanguage || 'en';
-console.log("== Got language", language);
 var baseLanguage = language.toLowerCase().split(/[-_]/)[0];
-var localeDataLoader = reactIntlLocaleData[language] || reactIntlLocaleData[baseLanguage] || reactIntlLocaleData['en'];
-localeDataLoader().then(function (data) {
-  Object(react_intl__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_2__["addLocaleData"])(data);
-});
 var messages = _messages_json__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_3__[language] || _messages_json__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_3__[baseLanguage] || _messages_json__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_3__.en;
 react_dom__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1___default.a.render(react__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0___default.a.createElement(react_intl__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_2__["IntlProvider"], {
   locale: language,